Ingxoxo yethiyori ngokuhlolwa kokuzinza kwe-aerosol eyenziwe yifomula ye-Arrhenius
Inqubo edingekayo ukuze imikhiqizo yethu ye-aerosol yethulwe iwukuhlola ukuzinza, kodwa sizothola ukuthi nakuba ukuhlolwa kokuzinza sekudlulile, kusazoba khona amazinga ahlukene okugqwala kokuvuza ekukhiqizeni ngobuningi, noma izinkinga zekhwalithi yomkhiqizo omkhulu.Ngakho-ke kusabalulekile yini ukuthi senze ukuhlolwa kokuzinza?
Sivame ukukhuluma ngo-50℃ izinyanga ezintathu zokuhlolwa kokuzinza kulingana neminyaka emibili yomjikelezo wokuhlolwa kwethiyori ekamelweni lokushisa, ngakho-ke inani lethiyori livelaphi?Ifomula ephawulekayo idinga ukushiwo lapha: ifomula ye-Arrhenius.I-Arrhenius equation igama lamakhemikhali.Kuyifomula yobufakazi yobudlelwano phakathi kwesilinganiso esingaguquki sokusabela kwamakhemikhali nezinga lokushisa.Ukuzijwayeza okuningi kubonisa ukuthi le fomula ayisebenzi kuphela ekuphenduleni kwegesi, ukusabela kwesigaba soketshezi kanye neningi le-multiphase catalytic reaction.
Ukubhalwa kwefomula (i-exponential)
I-K izinga elingaguquki, u-R igesi ye-molar engaguquki, i-T izinga lokushisa le-thermodynamic, i-Ea ingamandla okusebenza abonakalayo, futhi u-A uyisici sangaphambili (esaziwa nangokuthi i-frequency factor).
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ifomula yokuhlola ka-Arrhenius ithatha ukuthi amandla okwenza kusebenze i-Ea ithathwa njengento engashintshile emazingeni okushisa, ehambisana nemiphumela yokuhlola ngaphakathi kwebanga elithile lokushisa.Nokho, ngenxa yebanga lokushisa elibanzi noma ukusabela okuyinkimbinkimbi, i-LNK ne-1/T akuwona umugqa oqondile olungile.Kubonisa ukuthi amandla okwenza kusebenze ahlobene nezinga lokushisa futhi ifomula ye-Arrhenius empirical ayisebenzi kokunye ukusabela okuyinkimbinkimbi.
Ingabe sisengalandela ifomula yokuqina ka-Arrhenius kuma-aerosol?Kuye ngesimo, iningi lazo lilandelwa, ngaphandle kokumbalwa, inqobo nje, ukuthi "i-activation energy Ea" yomkhiqizo we-aerosol iyisimo esizinzile esizimele sokushisa.
Ngokusho kwe-Arrhenius equation, izici zayo ezithonya amakhemikhali zihlanganisa izici ezilandelayo:
(1) Ingcindezi: ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali okubandakanya igesi, lapho ezinye izimo zingashintshiwe (ngaphandle kwevolumu), khulisa ingcindezi, okungukuthi, ivolumu iyehla, ukugcwala kwama-reactants kuyanda, inani lama-molecule acushiwe ngeyunithi ngayinye ivolumu liyakhuphuka, inani ukungqubuzana okusebenzayo ngesikhathi seyunithi siyakhuphuka, futhi izinga lokusabela liyashesha;Uma kungenjalo, iyancipha.Uma ivolumu ingashintshi, izinga lokusabela lihlala lingashintshile (ngokwengeza igesi engabambi iqhaza ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali).Ngenxa yokuthi ukugxila akushintshi, inani lama-molecule asebenzayo ngevolumu ngayinye alishintshi.Kodwa ngevolumu eqhubekayo, uma ungeza ama-reactants, futhi, usebenzisa ingcindezi, futhi ukhuphula ukugxila kwama-reactants, ukhuphula izinga.
(2) Izinga lokushisa: inqobo nje uma izinga lokushisa liphakanyisiwe, ama-athomu asabelayo athola amandla, ukuze ingxenye yama-molecule aphansi anamandla abe ama-molecule acushiwe, okwandisa iphesenti lama-molecule acushiwe, okwandisa inani lokungqubuzana okuphumelelayo, ukuze ukusabela ukwanda kwezinga (isizathu esiyinhloko).Yiqiniso, ngenxa yokwanda kwezinga lokushisa, izinga lokunyakaza kwamangqamuzana liyashesha, futhi inani lokushayisana kwamangqamuzana lama-reactants ngesikhathi seyunithi liyakhuphuka, futhi ukusabela kuzosheshiswa ngokufanele (isizathu sesibili).
(3) I-Catalyst: ukusetshenziswa kwe-catalyst enhle kunganciphisa amandla adingekayo ekuphenduleni, ukuze ama-molecule amaningi asabelayo abe ama-molecule acushiwe, athuthukise kakhulu iphesenti lama-molecule asabelayo ngevolumu ngayinye, ngaleyo ndlela andise izinga lama-reactants izikhathi eziyizinkulungwane.I-negative catalyst iphambene.
(4) Ukugxila: Uma ezinye izimo zifana, ukwandisa ukuhlushwa kwama-reactants kwandisa inani lama-molecule acushiwe ngevolumu yeyunithi ngayinye, ngaleyo ndlela kwandisa ukungqubuzana okuphumelelayo, izinga lokusabela liyakhula, kodwa iphesenti lama-molecule acushiwe alishintshile.
Amakhemikhali avela kulezi zici ezine ezingenhla angachaza kahle ukuhlukaniswa kwethu kwezindawo zokugqwala (ukugqwala kwesigaba segesi, ukugqwala kwesigaba se-liquid nokugqwala kwesixhumi esibonakalayo) :
I-1) Ekugxumeni kwesigaba segesi, nakuba ivolumu ihlala ingashintshi, ingcindezi iyanda.Njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, ukusebenza komoya (i-oksijeni), amanzi kanye ne-propellant kuyanda, futhi inani lokushayisana liyakhula, ngakho ukugqwala kwesigaba segesi kuyaqina.Ngakho-ke, ukukhethwa kwe-gas-based rust inhibitor yesigaba esifanele samanzi kubaluleke kakhulu
2) ukugqwala kwesigaba se-liquid, ngenxa yokusebenza kokuhlushwa okukhulayo, ukungcola okuthile (okufana ne-hydrogen ions, njll.) kusixhumanisi esibuthakathaka kanye nezinto zokupakisha kusheshiswe ukushayisana okukhiqizwe ukugqwala, ngakho-ke ukukhetha kwe-ejenti ye-antirust yesigaba kufanele kubhekwe ngokucophelela. kuhlanganiswe ne-pH nezinto zokusetshenziswa.
3) Ukugqwala kwe-interface, kuhlanganiswe nengcindezi, i-catalysis yokwenza kusebenze, umoya (i-oksijeni), amanzi, i-propellant, ukungcola (okufana nama-hydrogen ion, njll.) ukusabela okuphelele, okuholela ekugqwaleni kwesixhumi esibonakalayo, ukuzinza nokwakheka kwesistimu yefomula kusemqoka kakhulu. .
Emuva embuzweni odlule, kungani ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlolwa kokuzinza kusebenza, kodwa kusekhona ukungahambi kahle uma kuziwa ekukhiqizeni ngobuningi?Cabangela lokhu okulandelayo:
1: ukwakheka kokuqina kwesistimu yefomula, njengokushintsha kwe-P, ukuzinza kwe-emulsification, ukuzinza kokugcwala nokunye
2: ukungcola kwempahla eluhlaza kukhona, njengokushintsha kwe-hydrogen ion nama-chloride ion
3: ukuqina kwenqwaba yezinto zokusetshenziswa, ph phakathi kwamaqoqo ezinto ezingavuthiwe, usayizi wokuchezuka kokuqukethwe nokunye
4: ukuzinza kwamathini e-aerosol nama-valve nezinye izinto zokupakisha, ukuzinza kogqinsi lwe-tin plating layer, ukushintshwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe okubangelwa ukunyuka kwentengo yezinto zokusetshenziswa
5: Hlaziya ngokucophelela konke okudidayo ekuhlolweni kokuzinza, ngisho noma kuwushintsho oluncane, yenza isinqumo esiphusile ngokuqhathanisa okuvundlile, ukukhulisa i-microscopic nezinye izindlela (leli ikhono elishoda kakhulu embonini ye-aerosol yasekhaya okwamanje)
Ngakho-ke, ukuzinza kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo kuhilela zonke izici, futhi kuyadingeka ukuba nesistimu yekhwalithi ephelele yokulawula yonke imbobo ye-supply chain (okuhlanganisa namazinga okuthenga, amazinga ocwaningo nentuthuko, amazinga okuhlola, amazinga okukhiqiza, njll.) ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezinga lekhwalithi isu, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza kokugcina nokuhambisana kwemikhiqizo yethu.
Ngeshwa, esifuna ukwabelana ngakho njengamanje ukuthi ukuhlolwa kokuzinza akukwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi azikho izinkinga ekuhloleni ukuzinza, futhi ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi akumele kube nezinkinga.Ukuhlanganisa ukucatshangelwa okungenhla nokuhlolwa kokuzinza komkhiqizo ngamunye, singakwazi ukuvimbela ubuningi bezingozi ezifihliwe.Kusenezinkinga ezithile ezisalinde ukuthi sizihlole, sizithole futhi sizixazulule.Okunye okukhanga ama-aerosols ukuthi abantu abaningi kulindeleke ukuthi baxazulule ezinye izimfihlakalo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-23-2022
